SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B — Functions and terms glossary

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                                                      © Siemens AG 2014

                                                                                                       Glossary
                                                                                            Functions and terms
                                                                                              SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

2D representation of     You can use protection areas to protect various elements on the machine, their components and the
3D protection areas/     workpiece against incorrect movements. The 3-dimensionally programmed protection areas are
work areas               displayed in 2D. This display also applies to the programmed working area limitations.

                         → Working area limitation
                         → Protection areas 2D/3D
3D simulation 1          The simulation can be extended to 3D representation by means of the 3D simulation 1 (finished part)
(finished part)          option. This extension also applies to the simultaneous recording.
Option P25
Article No.:
6FC5800-0AP25-0YB0
Acceleration with jerk   To achieve an optimum acceleration pattern with reduced wear on the machine's mechanical parts,
limitation               you can select SOFT in the part program to ensure a continuous, jerk-free acceleration profile. When
                         acceleration with jerk limitation is selected, the speed characteristic over the path is generated as a
                         bell-shaped curve.
Access                   The function SINUMERIK Integrate Access MyMachine /Ethernet ASP provides an overview of the
MyMachine /Ethernet      machine's history and permits the uploading and downloading of machine data, files, tachographs
ASP                      and configurable PLC traces. It also supports notification of irregular machine states via SMS or email.
Option
                         SINUMERIK Integrate Access MyMachine /Ethernet ASP thus supports cost-effective monitoring of
                         fault conditions and can be fully integrated into the user's existing service and maintenance
                         processes.
Access                   The software option SINUMERIK Integrate Access MyMachine /OPC UA enables the communication
MyMachine /OPC UA        channel for the OPC UA server on the SINUMERIK PCU or on the SINUMERIK NCU. The OPC UA Data
Option P67               Access method permits the reading and writing of CNC and PLC variables. OPC Unified Architecture
Article No.:             OPC UA is a standardized, industrial communication protocol for access to control data, e.g. by
6FC5800-0AP67-0YB0       control systems.

                         → www.opcfoundation.org
Access                   The function SINUMERIK Integrate Access MyMachine /P2P permits remote access to the
MyMachine /P2P           SINUMERIK HMI for the purpose of quick diagnosis of the machine's condition. It supports data
Option P30               uploads and downloads, analog and ISDN telephone links as well as access via the Internet.
Article No.:
6FC5800-0AP30-0YB0       Access MyMachine /P2P provides for increased machine availability by virtue of speedy online
                         presence. Furthermore, it enables users to prepare essential service callouts more effectively.




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       Glossary
Functions and terms
SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

 Access protection       Protection        Type                    PLC                User
                         level                                     DB10
                                                                   DBB 56
                                                                   bit...
                         1                 Password                –                  Machine manufacturer:
                                                                                      Development
                         2                 Password                –                  Machine manufacturer:
                                                                                      Commissioning engineers
                         3                 Password                –                  End user:
                                                                                      Service
                         4                 Red key                 7                  End user:
                                           switch position 3                          Programmer, machine setter
                         5                 Green key               6                  End user:
                                           switch position 2                          Qualified operator
                                                                                      who does not program
                         6                 Black key               5                  End user:
                                           switch position 1                          Trained operator
                                                                                      who does not program
                         7                 Switch position 0       4                  End user:
                                                                                      Semi-skilled operator
                         Access to programs, data and functions is protected in a user-oriented hierarchical system of
                         7 access levels:
                          3 password levels (protection levels 1 to 3) for machine manufacturers and end users
                          4 keyswitch positions (protection levels 4 to 7) for end users (keyswitch positions can also be
                           evaluated via PLC)

                         SINUMERIK CNCs thus have a multistage concept for controlling access privileges. Protection level 1
                         has the highest access rights and protection level 7 the lowest. A higher protection level automatically
                         includes all protection levels below it.

                         Access rights for protection levels 1 to 3 are preprogrammed by default through Siemens. An entered
                         password takes precedence over a keyswitch position, and machine manufacturers or end users can
                         change access rights for protection levels 4 through 7. Subprograms can be protected in their entirety
                         against unauthorized reading and display.

                         Passwords should be changed regularly for the purpose of enhancing industrial security.




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                                                                                                      Glossary
                                                                                          Functions and terms
                                                                                            SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

Action log             The tachograph records all operator actions and pending alarms for diagnostics purposes.
Actual-value system    The workpiece-related actual value system of the SINUMERIK CNC enables the user to do the
for workpiece          following:
                        Begin machining in a workpiece coordinate system defined via machine data in JOG and AUTO
                          CNC operating modes without any additional manipulations after powering up the CNC
                        Retain the valid settings relating to active level, settable frames (G54 ... G57), kinematic
                          transformations, and active tool offset at the end of the part program for use in the next part program
                        Toggle between the workpiece coordinate system WCS and the machine coordinate system MCS
                        Change the workpiece coordinate system, e.g. by changing the settable frames or the tool offset
Advanced Position      The natural frequency of the machine can have a detrimental effect on the maximum speed of the
Control APC            machine and the surface characteristics. The Advanced Position Control APC function raises the kv
Option M13             factor, improves the surface and therefore increases productivity without requiring any changes to the
Article No.:           mechanical components.
6FC5800-0AM13-0YB0
Advanced Surface       The Advanced Surface function is used to optimize the motion control. Accurate contours and perfect
Option S07             surfaces can be achieved even at high machining speeds. With optimized speed management,
Article No.:           Advanced Surface delivers better workpiece surfaces at high workpiece output rates.
6FC5800-0AS07-0YB0
Alarms and messages     Alarms and messages:
                         All messages and alarms are output separately on the operator panel in plain text with the date and
                         time and a symbol indicating the cancel criterion. All alarms are saved in an alarm log that can be
                         configured according to size.
                        Alarms and messages in the part program:
                         Messages can be programmed to give the operator information on the current machining situation
                         during the program run. Message texts may be up to 124 characters long, and are displayed in
                         2 lines (2 × 62 characters). The contents of variables can also be displayed in message texts.
                         Example 1:
                         N10 G1 F2000 B=33.333
                         N15 MSG ("Rotary table position: ""$AA_IW[B]" "Degrees")
                         Display in message line following traversal of block N10
                         Rotary table position: 33.333 degrees
                         Example 2:
                         N20 MSG ("Check" "$AA_IW[X]" "X position!")
                         Display: Check ... X position!
                         In addition to message programming, alarms can also be set in a CNC program. An alarm always
                         goes hand in hand with a response from the CNC according to the alarm category. The alarm text
                         must be configured, alarm numbers 65000 to 67999 are available. A description of the responses to
                         the various alarms can be found in the Commissioning Manual.
                         Example 3:
                         N100 SETAL (65001) effect:
                         Display: CNC start interlock
                         Delete: with Reset
                        Alarms and messages from the PLC:
                         Machine-specific alarms and messages from the PLC program can be displayed as plain text.
                         Messages comprise status messages and error messages. In the case of status messages, the
                         display is immediately deleted when the condition is no longer active, error messages must be
                         acknowledged. User-specific alarm numbers from 40000 to 89999 can be assigned to general,
                         channel-specific, axis-specific and spindle-specific user alarms and messages. The response of the
                         CNC to alarms or messages can be configured. The configured alarm and message texts are saved
                         in user-specific text files.
                        Specific evaluation of alarms:
                         A channel-specific signal can be used to determine whether other channels may continue to be
                         used when an alarm is issued.
Analog value control   System variable $A_OUTA(n) enables values from up to 8 analog outputs to be preset directly in the
                       part program. The value specified by the NCK can be changed by the PLC before it is output to the
                       hardware of a SIMATIC DP ET 200 analog module. The hardware outputs are written in the
                       interpolation cycle.




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       Glossary
Functions and terms
SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

 Analyze MyCondition      SINUMERIK Integrate Analyze MyCondition provides test cycles for testing synchronized axes and
                          universal axes and for performing circularity tests, and also offers functionality for continuous data
                          acquisition during the production process. It also supports the reporting of parameters about wear and
                          tear of mechatronic components.

                          A condition-oriented maintenance routine keeps production machines running longer and reduces
                          downtimes and outages.
 Animated elements        Using short film sequences, animated elements provide support by allowing the user to look ahead
                          during operation and programming, especially in processes where the motion sequence is the primary
                          consideration.
 Asynchronous             An asynchronous subprogram is a CNC program which can be started based on an external event
 subprograms ASUB         (e.g. a digital input) or from the PLC. Inputs are allocated to subprograms and activated by
                          programming SETINT.

                          If the relevant event occurs, the CNC block currently being processed is immediately interrupted. The
                          CNC program can be continued later at the point of interruption. Multiple asynchronous subprograms
                          must be assigned different priorities PRIO so that they can be processed in a certain order.
                          Asynchronous subprograms can be disabled and re-enabled in the CNC program DISABLE/ENABLE.

                          → Interrupt routines with fast retraction from the contour
 Auto Servo Tuning AST Auto Servo Tuning AST automates the process of adapting parameters to the control equipment which
                       controls the axes of a CNC machine. The parameters are adapted according to the frequency
                       response measurement of the machine dynamics. One of the benefits of Auto Servo Tuning AST is that
                       it facilitates the measuring process.

                          The axis control loops are individually optimized according to the target parameters selected by the
                          user for an adaptation strategy. In a second step, the control loop parameter settings are adjusted for
                          axes that are identified as being involved in an interpolation path with the result that the correct
                          dynamic response is obtained for all axes. This adaptation ensures coordinated movement of all the
                          axes along the interpolation path.
 Auxiliary function       Auxiliary function output informs the PLC when the part program wants the PLC to handle certain
 output                   machine switching operations. This is accomplished by transferring the appropriate auxiliary functions
                          and their parameters to the PLC interface. The transferred values and signals must be processed by
                          the PLC user program.

                          The following functions can be transferred to the PLC:
                           Tool selection T
                           Tool offset D/DL
                           Feedrate F/FA
                           Spindle speed S
                           H functions
                           M functions

                          Auxiliary function output may be carried out either with velocity reduction and PLC acknowledgement
                          up to the next block, or before and during travel without velocity reduction and without block change
                          delay. Following blocks are then retracted without a time-out.




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                                                                                                       Glossary
                                                                                           Functions and terms
                                                                                             SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

AXCO compensation        The loadable compile cycle allows an axis motion that occurs due to mechanical coupling of an axis to
of a forced mechanical   a following axis, to be compensated such that the axis remains mechanically stationary despite the
coupling                 coupling. The motor of the coupled axis is rotated according to the set coupling ratio.
Option M81
Article No.:             Restricted functionality of export versions:
6FC5800-0AM81-0YB0       Not possible.
Axes, coupled motion     When a defined leading axis moves, the coupled-motion axes (following axes) assigned to it travel the
                         traverse paths derived from the leading axis, taking into account a coupling factor (setpoint coupling).
                         Together, the leading axis and the following axes form a coupled-axis grouping.

                         Definition and activation of a coupled-axis grouping take place simultaneously with the modal
                         instruction TRAILON. A coupled-axis grouping can consist of any desired combinations of linear and
                         rotary axes. A coupled-motion axis can be assigned up to 2 leading axes (in different coupled-axis
                         groupings). A simulated axis can also be defined as the leading axis, in which case the real axis
                         actually does the traveling, taking into account the coupling factor. Another application for coupled-
                         motion axes is the use of 2 coupled-axis groupings to machine the 2 sides of a workpiece.
Axes/spindles            An additional interpolating axis/spindle can extend the number of axes/spindles in the basic
Options A01 ... A28      configuration.
Article No.:             Functions:
6FC5800-0AA00-0YB0        POS/SPOS/M3, M4, M5 (from CNC block)
                          POSA/SPOSA (from CNC block, modally)
                          FC18/POS/SPOS/M3, M4, M5 (PLC axes)
                          PLC-VDI interface (M3, M4, M5 directly)
                          OSCILL (asynchronous oscillation)
                          OSCILL (synchronous oscillation)
                          do POS/SPOS/M3, M4, M5
                          Couplings (TRAIL, LEAD, EG, CP, ...)
                          Path axes/geometry axes/additional path axes/GEOAX()
                          Spindles with thread cutting, tapping and thread cutting with compensating chuck
                          Setpoint output and actual values are available

                         → Positioning axes/auxiliary spindles
                         → Simulation axis/spindle
                         → Virtual axis




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       Glossary
Functions and terms
SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

 Axial coupling in the    Axial coupling in the machine coordinate system is required in order to be able to use coupled axes
 machine coordinate       implemented in the basic coordinate system for transformations as well. A coupling is carried out 1:1
 system MCS               in the machine coordinate system. The participating axes can be reconfigured following Reset.

                          On machine tools with separately movable heads on which a transformation must be activated, the
                          orientation axes cannot be coupled using the standard coupling methods COUPON, TRAILON. The
                          axes participating in the coupling are determined via axial machine data that is updated with Reset.
                          This makes it possible to redefine pairs of axes during operation and enable and disable them via
                          CNC language commands.

                          There are master and slave axes. A master axis can have more than one slave axis, but a slave axis
                          cannot be a master axis at the same time (no cascading).




                          The loadable compile cycle PROT can be used to provide collision
                          protection for machining heads.

                          → Axis collision protection PROT
                          → Generic couplings
 Axis collision           The loadable compile cycle supports collision protection of up to 12 axis pairs that, for example, move
 protection PROT          along a common guide rail and that could collide with each other. The axes concerned can also be
 Option N06               active in different channels. The traversing directions of the axes of an axis pair can differ. A maximum
 Article No.:             spacing can also be monitored.
 6FC5800-0AN06-0YB0
                          Restricted functionality of export versions:
                          Not possible.




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                                                                                                           Glossary
                                                                                                  Functions and terms
                                                                                                    SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

Axis container             On rotary indexing machines/multi-spindle machines, the workpiece-holding axes move from one
                           machining unit to the next. Since the machining units are subject to different NCU channels, the axes
                           holding the workpiece must be dynamically reassigned to the corresponding NCU channel if there is a
                           change in station/position. Axis containers are used for this purpose.

                           Only one workpiece clamping axis/spindle is active on the local machining unit at a time. The axis
                           container combines the possible connections to all clamping axes/spindles, of which only one is active
                           at a time for the machining unit.

                           The available axes that are defined in the axis container can be changed by shifting the entries in the
                           axis container. Shifting can be triggered by the part program or synchronized actions. Keyword
                           AXCTSWE(CT1).




                           Example of an axis container: Following rotation of the axis container by 1,
                           the channel axis Z is assigned to axis AX5 on NCU 1 instead of axis AX1.

Axis data output via       The loadable compile cycle enables axis and spindle data to be output to a special PROFIBUS slave
PROFIBUS ADAS              module. This function can be used, for example, for process or machine monitoring functions in real
Option N07                 time outside the CNC.
Article No.:
6FC5800-0AN07-0YB0         The required axis and signal type are selected by transferring a selection command (length: 8 bytes)
                           to the CNC. The compile cycle in the NC kernel then sends up to 30 axis data items (of 4 bytes each)
                           to the slave in each PROFIBUS cycle.

                           With the slave in isochronous mode, the transfer cycle can be equal to the position control cycle, or a
                           multiple thereof.
Axis limitation from the   The preactivation of protection areas with specification of a position offset is programmed in the part
PLC                        program. The preactivated protection areas can be made operative in the PLC user program via the
                           PLC interface. As a result, the relevant protection area is activated, for example, before a tool probe is
                           swiveled into position in the working area, in order to monitor whether the tool or a workpiece is in the
                           path of the swiveling part.

                           The PLC can put another axis limitation into effect by activating the 2nd software limit switch via a PLC
                           interface signal. This reduction of the working area may become necessary, for example, when a
                           tailstock is swiveled into position. The change is immediately effective, and the 1st software limit switch
                           plus/minus is no longer valid.

                           → Protection areas 2D/3D
Axis/spindle               An axis/a spindle is permanently assigned to a specific channel via machine data. The axis/spindle
interchange                interchange function can be used to release an axis/a spindle RELEASE and to assign it to another
                           channel GET, i.e., to interchange the axis/spindle. The relevant axes/spindles are determined via
                           machine data.




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       Glossary
Functions and terms
SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

 Backlash                During power transmission between a moving machine part and its drive (e.g., ball screw), there is
 compensation            normally a small amount of backlash because setting mechanical parts so that they are completely
                         free of backlash would result in too much wear and tear on the machine. In the case of axes/spindles
                         with indirect measuring systems, mechanical backlash results in the corruption of the traverse path.
                         For example, when the direction of movement is reversed, an axis will travel too much or too little by
                         the amount of the backlash.

                         To compensate for backlash, the axis-specific actual value is corrected by the amount of the backlash
                         every time the axis/spindle reverses its direction of movement. If a 2nd measuring system is available,
                         the relevant backlash on reversal must be entered for each of the two measuring systems. Backlash
                         compensation is always active in all modes following reference point approach.




                         Positive backlash (normal case)
                         The encoder actual value is ahead of the true actual value (table): The table does not travel far enough.

 Bidirectional           → Leadscrew error compensation, bidirectional
 compensation
 Block search            The block search function allows any point in the part program to be selected at which machining
                         must start or be continued. The function is provided for the purpose of testing part programs or
                         continuing machining after a program abort. Cascaded block search is also possible.

                         Search variants:
                          Block search with calculation at the contour
                           During the block search, the same calculations are executed as during normal program operation.
                           The target block is then traversed true-to-contour until the end position is reached. Using this
                           function it is possible to approach the contour again from any situation.
                          With calculation at the block end point
                           This function allows approach to a target position (such as the tool change position). All calculations
                           are also executed here as during normal program operation. The end point of the target block or the
                           next programmed position is approached using the method of interpolation valid in the target block.
                          Without calculation
                           This method enables high-speed searches in the main program. No calculations are carried out
                           during the search. The internal control values remain the same as before the block search.
                          External block search without calculation
                           In the menus "Search position" and "Search pointer", the softkey "External without calc." can be used
                           to start an accelerated block search for programs which are executed by an external device (local
                           hard disk or network drive).
                          Specify the search destination by:
                           - Directly positioning the cursor on the target block
                           - Specifying a block number, a jump label, any character string, a program name, or a line number




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                                                                                                           Glossary
                                                                                               Functions and terms
                                                                                                 SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

Cartesian PTP travel      For handling and robot-related tasks, two types of movement are required, either in the Cartesian
                          coordinate system Continuous Path CP, or as a Point-to-Point PTP movement. With PTP, the shortest
                          way to reach the end point is with activated TRAORI transformation. PTP generates a linear
                          interpolation in the axis space of the machine axis.

                          By smoothing from PTP to CP movement, it is possible to switch from fast infeed to a mounting or
                          positioning movement with optimum timing. PTP travel does not result in an axis overload when
                          traveling through a singularity, such as the changing of an arm position during handling. PTP travel is
                          also possible in JOG CNC operating mode and does not require Cartesian positions (e.g., from CAD
                          systems) to be converted into machine axis values.

                          Cartesian PTP travel is also used for cylindrical grinding machines with an inclined axis:
                          With active transformation, the infeed axis can be moved either according to Cartesian coordinates or
                          at the angle of the inclined axis.
CCG compiler (cam         This option is required for SINUMERIK 840D sl to allow the execution of part programs that have been
contour grinding, non-    generated with the CCG compiler tool. The OEM can either integrate the corresponding tool into the
circular grinding)        user interface on the SINUMERIK PCU 50 or use it on an external PC.
Option P10
Article No.:              The latest version of the tool is made available once on request, the option (runtime) must be ordered
6FC5800-0AP10-0YB0        for each CNC. The CCG compiler generates CNC programs in polynomial format to allow the
                          machining of non-circular contours on a cylindrical grinding machine. The lift curves used commonly
Requirements:             today, which describe the desired final contour in polar coordinates, are used as the input data for
TRANSMIT option M27       programming and generating a complete CNC program.
and polynomial
interpolation             The technology data, i.e. the number of infeed revolutions, allowance, sparking-out revolutions, angle
option M18.               of infeed and velocities, are parameterized and taken into account when the part program is
                          generated. The generated contour is not dependent on the tool (grinding wheel) radius, because
                          radius compensation (G41/G42) is active in the CNC.
Circle via center point   Circular interpolation causes the tool to move along a circular path in a clockwise or counter-clockwise
and end point             direction.

                          The required circle is described by:
                           Starting point of circular path (actual position in the block before the circle)
                           Direction of rotation of circle
                           Circle end position (target defined in circular block)
                           Circle center

                          The circle center can be programmed as an absolute value with reference to the current zero point or
                          as an incremental value with reference to the starting point of the circular path. If the opening angle is
                          apparent from the drawing, then it can be directly programmed. In many cases, the dimensioning of a
                          drawing is chosen so that it is more convenient to program the radius in order to define the circular
                          path. In the case of a circular arc greater than 180 °, the radius specification is given a negative sign.
Circle via intermediate   If a circle is to be programmed, which does not lie in a paraxial plane but obliquely in space, an
point and end point       intermediate point can be used to program it instead of the circle center. Three points are required to
                          program the circle: the starting point, intermediate point and end point.
Clamping monitoring       Clamping monitoring is one of the many extensive axis monitoring mechanisms implemented in
                          SINUMERIK CNCs. When an axis is to be clamped on completion of the positioning action, you can
                          activate clamping monitoring using the PLC interface signal clamping in progress. This may become
                          necessary because it is possible for the axis to be pushed beyond the standstill tolerance from the
                          position setpoint during the clamping procedure.

                          The amount of deviation from the position setpoint is set via the machine data. During the clamping
                          procedure, clamping monitoring replaces standstill monitoring, and is effective for linear axes, rotary
                          axes, and position-controlled spindles. Clamping monitoring is not active in follow-up mode. When the
                          monitor responds, its reactions are the same as those of the standstill monitor.

                          → Position monitoring
                          → Standstill monitoring
Clearance control 1D      Clearance control 1D in the IPO cycle can be used, for example, to evaluate sensor signals via a high-
in the IPO cycle          speed analog input. It can also be used to compute a position offset $AA_OFF for an axis via a
                          synchronized action.


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       Glossary
Functions and terms
SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

 Clearance control       Clearance control 1D/3D in the position control cycle CLC, which includes the IPO cycle, controls
 1D/3D in position-      3 machine axes as well as a gantry axis and makes it possible to automatically maintain the constant
 control cycle CLC       clearance that is technologically required for the machining process.
 Option M40
 Article No.:            The most important applications for this are water jet cutting and laser cutting, for example, the radial
 6FC5800-0AM40-0YB0      cutting of rods with non-circular cross sections.
 Requirement:
 Loadable compile        Restricted functionality of export versions:
 cycle.                  The number of interpolating axes is restricted to 4.
                         Clearance control 1D in the position control cycle only.
 CNC high-level          To meet the various technological demands of modern machine tools, a CNC high-level language has
 language                been implemented in SINUMERIK CNCs that provides a high degree of programming freedom.

                         System variables
                         The system variables ($.) can be processed in the CNC program (read, partially write). System
                         variables allow access to, for example, machine data, setting data, tool management data,
                         programmed values, and current values.

                         User variables
                         If a program is to be used flexibly, variables and parameters are used instead of constant values.
                         SINUMERIK CNCs give you the option of executing all CNC functions and addresses as variables. The
                         names of the variables can be freely defined by the user. Read and write access protection can also
                         be assigned using attributes. This means that part programs can be written in a clear and neutral
                         fashion and then adapted to the machine as required, for example, free selection of axis and spindle
                         address designations.

                         User variables are either global GUD or local LUD. LUD can also be redefined via machine data to
                         make them into global program user variables (PUD). They are displayed in the Parameters operating
                         area under the user data softkey, where they can also be changed. Global user variables GUD are
                         CNC variables that are set up by the machine manufacturer. They apply in all programs.

                         Local user variables LUD are available to the user for parameterizing CNC programs. These data can
                         be redefined in every CNC program. These variables make programming more user-friendly and allow
                         the users to integrate their own programming philosophy.

                         Indirect programming
                         Another option for the universal use of a program is indirect programming. Here, the addresses of
                         axes, spindles, R parameters, etc., are not programmed directly, but are addressed via a variable in
                         which their required address is then entered.

                         Program jumps
                         The inclusion of program jumps allows extremely flexible control of the machining process. Conditional
                         and unconditional jumps are available as well as program branches that depend on a current value.
                         Labels that are written at the beginning of the block are used as jump destinations. The jump
                         destination can be before or after the exit jump block.

                         Program coordination in several channels
                         Program coordination makes it possible to control the time-related execution in parallel operation of
                         several CNC channels using plain text instructions in the part program. Programs can be loaded,
                         started and stopped in several channels. Channels can be synchronized.

                         Arithmetic and trigonometric functions
                         Extensive arithmetic functions can be implemented with user variables and arithmetic variables.

                         In addition to the 4 basic arithmetic operations, there are also:
                          Sine, cosine, tangent
                          Arc sine, arc cosine, arc tangent
                          Power of 2 (squaring), square root
                          Absolute value
                          Integer component, round to integer
                          Exponential function, natural logarithm
                          Displacement, rotation, mirroring
                          Scale modification


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                                                                                                   Glossary
                                                                                       Functions and terms
                                                                                         SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

CNC high-level        Comparison operations and logic combinations
language              Comparison operations with variables can be used to formulate jump conditions.
(continued)
                      The comparison functions that can be used are:
                       Equal to, not equal to
                       Greater than, less than
                       Greater than or equal to
                       Less than or equal to
                       Concatenation of strings
                      The following logic combinations are also available: AND, OR, NOT, EXOR (EXclusive OR). These
                      logic operations can also be performed bit by bit.

                      Macros
                      Using macros, single instructions from a programming language can be grouped together to form a
                      complex instruction. This shortened instruction sequence is given a freely definable name and can be
                      called in the CNC program. The macro command is executed in the same way as the single
                      instructions.

                      Control structures
                      The CNC normally processes the CNC blocks in the order in which they are programmed.
                      Control structures allow the programmer to define additional alternatives and program loops as well as
                      program jumps.

                      The commands make structured programming possible, and make the programs much easier to read:
                       Selection between 2 alternatives: IF-ELSE – ENDIF
                       Continuous loop control LOOP
                       Counting loop FOR
                       Program loop with start condition WHILE
                       Program loop with end condition REPEAT
CNC operating modes   3 CNC operating modes can be selected in the Machine operating area:
                       JOG
                        JOG CNC operating mode (jogging) is intended for the manual movement of axes and spindles, as
                        well as for setting up the machine. The set-up functions are reference point approach, repositioning,
                        traveling with the handwheel or in the predefined incremental mode, and redefinition of the CNC
                        zero point (preset/set actual value).
                       MDI
                        In MDI (Manual Data Input) CNC operating mode, it is possible to enter individual program blocks or
                        sequences of blocks (block sequences) for immediate execution via CNC Start. These blocks can
                        then be saved in part programs. With the Teach In function, sequences of motion are transferred to
                        a program by returning and storing positions. The Teach In function can be used in the MDI CNC
                        operating mode.
                       AUTO
                        In AUTO (automatic) CNC operating mode, the part programs are executed fully automatically once
                        they have been selected from the workpiece, part program or subprogram directory (normal
                        operation). During AUTO mode it is possible to generate and correct another part program.

                      In the MDI and AUTO CNC operating modes, the sequence of a program can be modified using the
                      following program control functions:
                       SKP Skip block (up to 8 skip levels)
                       DRY Dry run feedrate
                       ROV Rapid traverse override
                       SBL1 Single block with stop after sets of machine functions
                       SBL2 Single block with stop after every block
                       SBL3 Stop in cycle
                       M01 Programmed stop
                       DRF Differential resolver function
                       PRT Program test
CNC program           All messages programmed in the part program and all alarms recognized by the system are displayed
messages              on the operator panel in plain text. Alarms and messages are displayed separately. Messages can be
                      programmed to give the user information on the current processing status while the program is
                      executing.

                      → Alarms and messages


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       Glossary
Functions and terms
SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

 CNC program transfer    → Manage MyPrograms
 CNC user memory         All programs and data, such as part programs, subprograms, comments, tool offsets, and work
                         offsets/frames, as well as channel and program user data, can be stored in the shared CNC user
                         memory. The CNC user memory is battery-backed.
 CNC user memory,        The CNC user memory on the NCU can be expanded by 2 MB in each case by these options.
 additional
 Options D01 ... D06     → HMI user memory
 Article No.:
 6FC5800-0AD01-0YB0
 COA interface for       The loadable compile cycle COOC serves as an interface for the OEM's own developments and
 compiled OEM cycles     permits expansions to the program interpreter functionality, i.e. for the purpose of implementing
 COOC                    special part program sequences or special calculations in C++.
 Option M67
 Article No.:            The development of customized compile cycles in the interpreter is dependent upon a COA
 6FC5800-0AM67-0YB0      agreement and one-off purchase of the option SINUMERIK Integrate Create MyCCI /INT.
 Collision avoidance     The SINUMERIK Collision Avoidance option provides reliable protection against undesirable collisions
 Option S02              between moving and non-moving machine components in the machine's working area. The protection
 Article No.:            is effective in all operating situations.
 6FC5800-0AS02-0YB0
                         Collision avoidance in SINUMERIK is focused on critical situations encountered in practice, e.g. during
                         machine setup or machining interruptions – in other words, when the operator intervenes in the
                         process.

                          3D collision detection in real time
                          Monitoring of non-moving and moving machine components
                          Efficient modeling of collision objects
                           in SINUMERIK Operate on the PC with NX SINUMERIK Collision Avoidance

                         Requirements:
                          SINUMERIK CNC software version 4.5 SP2 and higher
                          1-channel machine with one NCU
                          SINUMERIK NCU 720.3 PN or NCU 730.3 PN (recommended)
                          Simultaneous recording
                          3D simulation 1 (finished part)
 Computational motion    On request.
 control EMC
 Option N47              Restricted functionality of export versions:
 Article No.:            Not possible.
 6FC5800-0AN47-0YB0




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                                                                                                      Glossary
                                                                                          Functions and terms
                                                                                            SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

Concatenated            Two transformations can be concatenated with the TRACON command. TRAANG (inclined axis), as
transformations         the base transformation, can be linked with TRAORI (5-axis transformation), TRANSMIT (front end
                        machining of turned parts) and TRACYL (cylinder surface transformation).

                        Applications:
                         Rotary milling with mechanically non-orthogonal Y axis to X, Z (inclined-bed rotary milling machine)
                         Grinding of contours programmed with TRACYL (cylinder processing)
                         Finishing of a distorted contour created with TRANSMIT




                        Grinding a TRANSMIT contour with inclined axis

Continue machining at   When using 2D flat bed cutting procedures, e.g., laser, oxygen or water jet cutting, the machine
the contour             operator can return to the program continuation point (selected solely from a view of the workpiece)
(retrace support)       following an interruption in machining without exact knowledge of the part program in order to continue
Option M24              machining the workpiece from there.
Article No.:
6FC5800-0AM24-0YB0      The Continue machining at the countour function (retrace support) contains a ring buffer for the
                        geometric information of the blocks already executed. A new part program is generated from this for
                        the reverse travel.

                        Continue machining is used, for example, when the machine operator only notices the failure or
                        interruption a few blocks after the actual interruption. The head has usually already progressed further
                        in the machining, and must, therefore, be appropriately returned for continuation of machining.
Continuous dressing     With the continuous dressing function, the form of the grinding wheel can be dressed in parallel with
(parallel dressing)     the machining process. The grinding wheel compensation resulting from dressing the wheel takes
                        immediate effect as tool length compensation.

                        When the tool radius compensation is programmed to machine the contour and the tool radius
                        changes because of the dressing of the grinding wheel, the CNC computes the dressing amount
                        online as a true tool radius compensation.




                        Continuous dressing (parallel dressing)




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       Glossary
Functions and terms
SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

 Continuous-path mode     The aim of the continuous-path mode is to avoid excessive deceleration at the block boundaries and
 with programmable        to achieve as constant a tool path velocity as possible during tangential transitions from one block to
 rounding clearance       the next. Because the tool does not stop at block boundaries, no undercuts are made on the
                          workpiece.

                          If continuous-path mode G64 is selected, reduction in velocity takes place and contour corners are
                          rounded on non-tangential transitions. A soft contour transition without a jump in acceleration can be
                          programmed with G641 ADIS=...




                          Continuous-path mode with programmable rounding clearance

 Contour definition       Contour definition programming allows quick input of simple contours. With the aid of help displays in
 programming              the editor, you can program 1-point, 2-point or 3-point definitions with transition elements chamfer or
                          corner easily and clearly by entering Cartesian coordinates and/or angles.
 Contour handwheel        When the contour handwheel function is activated, the handwheel has a velocity-generating effect in
 Option M08               AUTO and MDI CNC operating modes on all programmed traversing movements of the path and
 Article No.:             synchronized axes.
 6FC5800-0AM08-0YB0
                          A feedrate specified via the CNC program becomes ineffective and a programmed velocity profile is
                          no longer valid. The feedrate, in mm/min, results from the handwheel pulses as based on pulse
                          weighting (machine data) and the active increment.

                          The handwheel's direction of rotation determines the direction of travel:
                           Clockwise:
                            in the programmed direction of travel (even beyond block boundaries)
                           Counter-clockwise:
                            against the programmed direction of travel (continuation beyond the start of the block is prevented).

                          → Feedrate interpolation
 Contour monitoring       The following error is monitored within a definable tolerance band as a measure of contour accuracy.
                          An impermissibly high following error might be caused by a drive overload, for example. If an error
                          occurs, the axes/spindles are stopped. Contour monitoring is always enabled when a channel is active
                          and in position-controlled mode. If the channel is interrupted or in the reset state, contour monitoring is
                          not active. Contour monitoring is also deactivated during execution of the travel to fixed stop function.

                          → Travel to fixed stop
 Contour monitoring       With contour monitoring with tunnel function, the absolute movement of the tool tip in space can be
 with tunnel function     monitored during 5-axis machining or when complex workpieces are being machined. This function
 Option M52               provides optimum protection for high-quality workpieces. A cylindrical tunnel (tolerance field) with a
 Article No.:             definable diameter is placed around the programmed path.
 6FC5800-0AM52-0YB0
                          If during machining the deviation from the path caused by axis errors is greater than the defined tunnel
                          diameter, the axes are brought to a standstill immediately. The deviation from the path can be written
                          simultaneously to an analog output.




           Siemens NC 62 · 2012 (03/2014)
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                                                                                           Glossary
                                                                                Functions and terms
                                                                                  SINUMERIK 840D sl Type 1B

Control unit   The Thin Client Unit TCU for distributed installation allows the spatial separation of SINUMERIK OP/TP
management     operator panel fronts and SINUMERIK PCUs, as well as the connection of up to 4 operator panel fronts
               to a PCU with one TCU each. To this end, the user interface of a SINUMERIK PCU 50.5 is copied to
               several OPs/TPs with one TCU each.

               Benefits:
                Low-vibration installation of the PCU in the control cabinet
                Effective operation of larger machines using up to 5 identical operator panels
                Signal transmission between PCU and operator panel front via Industrial Ethernet
                Operation on the active operator panel with the option to enable the passive operator panel on
                 request
                Mixed operation of operator panel fronts on a TCU or with an integrated TCU and an operator panel
                 front directly connected to the PCU possible
                Distance between PCU and operator panel fronts of up to 100 m (328 ft)
                 (max. distance between two network nodes)

               Operation of SINUMERIK via the VNC viewer requires a confirmation on the SINUMERIK operator
               panel that operation is now permitted via the VNC viewer. When a SINUMERIK operator panel is not
               used, this option can be used to suppress scanning of the confirmation.
                                                                   NCU                       PCU
                                                                   CNC software version      SINUMERIK Operate
                                                                   2.7 SP3/4.5 SP2           SW version 4.5 SP2
               Control unit management
               2/4 TCUs with interlocking of simultaneous           ✓                         ✓
               operation by Veto mode and PLC (4 × T : 1 × M)      (2/4)                     (4)
               TCU suppression with more than 2/4 TCUs             ✓                         ✓
               (n × T : 1 × M)
               External HMIs (n × M : n × N)                       –                          ✓
                                                                                             (1 × M : 4 × N)
               One external HMI which can be                       –                          ✓
               switched over via several NCUs (1 × M : n × N)                                (4 × N)
               One internal and one external HMI                    ✓                         ✓
               connected simultaneously to one NCU                 TM           

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